A Users Guide to MRI & Arthroscopy of the
Shoulder
Bankart lesion - the classic injury to
the labrum with detachment of the antero-inferior capsulolabral
complex and rupture of the scapular periosteum Bony Bankart lesion is an avulsion fracture of the
glenoid rim that carries with it the capsulolabral complex. Perthes lesion - a lesion with incomplete avulsion of the
labrum and capsular stripping from the scapular neck. Because of
the intact periosteum these lesions may be occult at both
imaging and surgery. Adding an
ABER sequence to the imaging protocol significantly
increases the sensitivity of MR arthrography in detecting these
lesions by placing the IGHL complex under tension. ALPSA lesion (anterior labral periosteal sleeve avulsion)
- The labro-ligamentous complex rolls up in a sleeve -like
fashion and becomes displaced medially and inferiorly, "the
medialised Bankart lesion". HAGL lesion (Humeral Avulsion Glenhumeral Ligament) - a
capsule avulsion of the capsule including the IGHL from the neck
of the humerus. BHAGL (bony HAGL) has been described where there is bony
avulsion from the neck of the humerus. SLAP Lesion (Superior Labral, Anterior and Posterior
tear) - often seen in athletes involved in sports requiring
repetitive overhead use of the arm and varying in severity but
involving the superior portion of the glenoid labrum and,
sometimes, the biceps anchor.
More Info Click Here. GLOM lseion (glenoid labrum ovoid mass) - a small low
signal intensity mass occasionally seen anterosuperiorly in the
setting of labral injury on the axial images. It is felt to
represent a torn and retracted labrum or MGHL. GLAD lesion (glenolabral articular disruption) - a
superficial tear of the antero-inferior labrum with an adjacent
articular cartilage injury. The extent of the injury may vary
from a cartilaginous flap tear to a depressed osteochondral
injury of the articular cartilage and underlying bone. GARD lesion (the Glenoid Rim Articular Divot lesion) - is
not associated with instability.
Hill-Sachs Lesion - Fracture of the posterolateral
surface of the humeral head indicative of previous anterior
glenohumeral joint dislocation. Mc Laughlin sign or reverse Hill Sach's lesion is a
compression fracture of the anterior aspect of the humeral head
associated with posterior dislocation. The trough sign. Bennett lesion Enthesophyte that arises from the
posteroinferior portion of the glenoid rim, often seen in
baseball pitchers and probably arising at the site of insertion
of the posterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament
complex. It is thought to be due to posterior capsular avulsion
secondary to traction from the posterior band of the IGHL.
Posterior capsule and labral injuries have been reported in 36%
and 86% of shoulders with posterior instability respectively.
There is also a high incidence of anterior labral abnormalities
in shoulders with posterior instability. SLIP (supraspinatus labral instability pattern) Trough Lesion - Fracture of the medial surface of the
humeral head indicative of previous posterior glenohumeral joint
dislocation. Sublabral Foramen - Normal variation in which a foramen
is identified between the anterosuperior portion of the glenoid
labrum and the articular cartilage of the glenoid cavity. Buford Complex - Normal variation in which a cord-like
middle glenohumeral ligament is associated with absence of the
anterosuperior portion of the glenoid labrum. Osteochondritis Dissecans - A lesion of the glenoid
cavity related to an impaction force. Perilabral Ganglion Cyst - Ganglion cyst arising adjacent
to the glenoid labrum and often associated with a labral tear
SOME TERMS APPLIED TO NORMAL VARIATIONS OR LESIONS OF THE
LABROLIGAMENTOUS COMPLEX AND SURROUNDING STRUCTURES OF THE
SHOULDER
